癌症转移与超过90%的癌症死亡有关。虽然有关肿瘤转移的研究越来越多,但癌症如何从原发部位迁移到其他部位仍然没有得到完全了解。最近来自美国哈佛大学布利甘和妇女医院的研究人员在国际学术期刊Nature communication上发表了一项最新研究进展,他们对于癌细胞如何扩展"势力范围"并通过"转移劫持"方式促进正常细胞发生恶性转化提出了新的观点。研究人员还在临床前研究模型中发现,药物干预能够防止这种"劫持"发生,为防止肿瘤细胞扩散提供了新靶点。
在这项研究中,研究人员首先构建了一个三维肿瘤基质模型,用内皮细胞进行填充并加入转移性乳腺癌细胞。他们观察到这些癌细胞并没有互相粘附形成球体,而是沿着模型的血管扩散开来,通过扫描电镜进行观察,研究人员发现癌细胞表面伸出细长管状结构形成了细胞间交流的"桥梁",将癌细胞与正常组织连接在一起。并且一些正常的内皮细胞也发生了分子表达变化,研究人员认为癌细胞通过那些"桥梁"将microRNA转移到了内皮细胞中。进一步研究表明被转化的内皮细胞内含有两种之前已经证明与癌症转移有关的microRNA。
随后研究人员使用小分子化合物抑制癌细胞表面的管状结构形成,打断了癌细胞与内皮细胞之间的交流。他们在构建的三维模型和小鼠模型中进行了验证,发现一种用于治疗转移性乳腺癌的药物能够减少癌细胞形成的管状结构数目。在进行药物处理的小鼠中,研究人员也观察到转移性肿瘤负荷显著下降。
研究人员表示他们将在未来的研究中进一步对ATPase抑制剂是否也能有效防止桥状结构形成并抑制癌细胞转移进行研究。这项研究为肿瘤转移治疗药物开发提供了新的方向。
doi:10.1038/ncomms9671
Physical nanoscale conduit-mediated communication between tumour cells and the endothelium modulates endothelial phenotype
Yamicia Connor, Sarah Tekleab, Shyama Nandakumar, Cherelle Walls, Yonatan Tekleab, Amjad Husain, Or Gadish, Venkata Sabbisetti, Shelly Kaushik, Seema Sehrawat, Ashish Kulkarni, Harold Dvorak, Bruce Zetter, Elazer R. Edelman &Shiladitya Sengupta
Metastasis is a major cause of mortality and remains a hurdle in the search for a cure for cancer. Not much is known about metastatic cancer cells and endothelial cross-talk, which occurs at multiple stages during metastasis. Here we report a dynamic regulation of the endothelium by cancer cells through the formation of nanoscale intercellular membrane bridges, which act as physical conduits for transfer of microRNAs. The communication between the tumour cell and the endothelium upregulates markers associated with pathological endothelium, which is reversed by pharmacological inhibition of these nanoscale conduits. These results lead us to define the notion of 'metastatic hijack': cancer cell-induced transformation of healthy endothelium into pathological endothelium via horizontal communication through the nanoscale conduits. Pharmacological perturbation of these nanoscale membrane bridges decreases metastatic foci in vivo. Targeting these nanoscale membrane bridges may potentially emerge as a new therapeutic opportunity in the management of metastatic cancer.