CCL-18 is a CC-chemokine produced by human myeloid cells without any counterpart in rodents. In general,macrophage activation by Th2 cytikines induces a special phenotype in macrophages,termed “alternative activation”. Alternatively activated macrophages play a role in tissue repair processes such as wound healing and fibrosis.CCL-18 has been described as a marker of this alternative activation of macrophages. In several diseases,such as stopic dermatitis,Gaucher disease,and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia,CCL-18 serum levels are increased.