出生金融准入构想
Should every child receive a bank account at birth?
每一个孩子出生时都改有个银行账户吗？
Mar 4th 2010 | NEW YORK | From The Economist print edition
YOU come into the world with nothing, the saying goes. A new campaign proposes to change that by giving every newborn child in the world an online bank account with $100 in it. The aim of the FinancialAccess@Birth (FAB) campaign is to do something about the fact that half the world’s population has no access to mainstream financial services. This is a huge handicap, exposing people who are typically already on the poverty line to risks that wealthier folk can manage through savings or insurance, and leaving them to pay unregistered moneylenders through the nose.
俗语有云，你一无所有来到这俗世。一项新的运动将会通过给世界上的每位新生儿一个存有100美元的网上银行账户来改变这一切。世界上有一半的人口被拒斥与主流金融服务之外，出生金融准入（FAB）（FinancialAccess@Birth）运动是要为此做点事情。使已经处于贫困线的人暴露于阔佬可以通过存款和保险度过的风险之中，使他们高额偿付⑴未经注册的放贷者，这是此世界的一个巨大缺陷。
The campaign is the brainchild of Bhagwan Chowdhry, a finance professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, and is starting to attract some prominent supporters, including Peter Singer, a well-known philosopher, and Vijay Mahajan, an Indian social entrepreneur.
此运动是洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学的财经教授，巴格 乔杜里（Bhagwan Chowdhry）所独创，并且逐渐受到一些知名人物的支持，其中包括知名哲学家，彼得 辛格（Peter Singer）⑵和印度社会企业家维杰马哈詹（Vijay Mahajan）.
FAB dovetails with another big idea: an effort being led by Nandan Nilekani, an outsourcing tycoon turned government minister, to provide every Indian with a legal proof of identity in the form of an electronic art card. The prospect of a bank account with $100 in it—this initial amount would be untouchable until the child’s 16th birthday—would encourage parents to register their newborn babies. The account could then be used by governments or charities to make direct payments, to fund things like the child’s education or health care.
出生金融准入运动与另一个宏大构想相契合：此活动由前外包业巨头转为现政府部长的南丹•尼勒卡尼（Nandan Nilekani）所领导，致力于为每一位印度人提供一个电子智能形式的合法身份证明。含有100美元银行账户的构想——这个初始数额一直保持到孩子16周岁不得动用——将会鼓励父母为他们的新生儿注册登记。之后，这个账户可由政府或者慈善团体使用进行直接支付，对诸如儿童教育或卫生保健进行资助。
Opening accounts for babies has been tried before, but only in rich countries such as Britain, Canada and South Korea, where its potential impact is far aller. Mr Chowdhry expects the parents of the richest 35m children born each year voluntarily to forgo the free money, which would leave accounts for the other 100m newborns born each year to be funded. The campaign proposes that national governments each donate one-fiftieth of one percent of GDP to cover the estimated $10 billion annual cost.
为婴儿开户的做法之前已被尝试，但仅仅是在例如英国、加拿大和韩国这些富裕的国家。不过在这些国家，此法的潜在影响力微乎其微。每年有350万新生儿，一出生就有了账户，他们可谓是这世界上最富有的婴儿了，乔杜里希望他们的父母们可以自愿拿出这笔(“闲”）钱，来资助其它每年1，000万新生儿建立账户。这项运动建议各国政府贡献出GDP一个百分点中的五十分之一来填补估计每年100亿美元的开销。
That is still a tough sell in today’s economic climate: one issue to be thrashed out is whether the accounts have to be funded at birth, or whether the money needs to arrive only when the child turns 16. But governments are not the only potential donors. The idea sounds perfect for banks, which would gain a potentially lucrative army of future customers and could polish up their battered images at the same time.
现今经济气候之下，仍旧很难让人接受这样的做法:需要细论的一个问题是，是否在婴儿出生时就建立账户，或账户内的存款是否要到儿童满
